Houston Daily

The University of Houston has presented new research challenging established theories about cellular sensitivity to electrical fields. The study suggests that cells are more sensitive to electrical fields than previously thought, a finding published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Yashashree Kulkarni, Bill D. Cook Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at UH, who supervised the research, stated, “Our research challenges long-held assumptions about the limits of cellular electrical sensing and explains how cells detect electric fields with remarkable sensitivity.” Graduate student Anand Mathew led this research effort.

Historically, scientists believed that weak electric fields were undetectable by cells due to "thermal noise," which is likened to trying to hear a whisper during a loud rock concert. However, Kulkarni and Mathew's study proposes that active matter within cell membranes disrupts equilibrium, enhancing electrical sensitivity.

Kulkarni explained, “Biological membranes are not passive. They are embedded with active proteins and other components that continuously consume energy, creating dynamic, nonequilibrium environments. Our findings show that these active processes can fundamentally change the way cells respond to mechanical and electrical stimuli.”

The researchers developed a theoretical model using nonequilibrium statistical mechanics to understand how electromechanical membranes behave in their energy-consuming environment. Their analysis indicates these processes can significantly increase electrical sensitivity in biological systems.

Mathew noted the potential applications of this understanding: “Understanding how cells can actively respond to their environment could inform the development of next-generation medical devices, biosensors, and therapies for various diseases.” He emphasized designing systems based on active matter concepts could lead to innovations surpassing natural sensing capabilities.

Kulkarni also expressed gratitude for receiving the NSF BRITE Pivot award supporting their group's research into active matter mechanics.